Summary Of The Hanging Tree - 994 Words

If only†¦ 2015 The old grey stones of the abandoned church were only visible where the vines and moss hadn’t yet reached. The forest itself seemed to crane its neck in an attempt to envelop the solitary church standing now as the only sign of a once busy community. The stained glass windows had given way so that the vines could enter and feel their way through a place unknown and forbidden to their advances for so long. Within the church, a portion of the ceiling had collapsed and a beam of green forest sunlight illuminated the altar of the old sanctuary. Not far from this place of refuge was a barren field with no evident traces of life other than a large, crippled tree looming in the distance. Stories were told about this very tree -†¦show more content†¦I see him in the crowd – he’s the only one smiling, the only one looking me in the eyes. He knows he has won and he knows there is nothing I can do to stop my unjust death. Journal entry 19th November 1860, I know. I know who it was. I know I’m next. I know there is absolutely nothing I can do to stop this. I’m trying to embrace it, really I am but how can I just give up, knowing he took them away from me? I figured it out – I guess it is always the one you least expect. Who would have thought the friendly neighbour was capable of murder? Definitely not my beloved wife and daughter. Definitely not the police. Definitely not me. The police don’t suspect him. No - they suspect me and I have no evidence to suggest otherwise. All the police know is that my neighbour reported a disturbance in our house – I was arguing with my wife and suddenly I’m the lead suspect in a murder investigation. The murder investigation of my wife and daughter. The police are no help – I tell them it wasn’t me and that I stormed out of the house after the argument and I saw him entering our house straight after. That was the last time I saw them. The last time I saw my wife’s smile. The last time I heard my daughter’s cherubic voice. I may be innocent but I know that my hands are still stained with the blood of my family †¦ I’m still guilty. If only I didn’t start arguing with Sophia. If only I didn’t leave straight afterwards. If only I had the will to survive. I nowShow MoreRelatedMusic in Othello1633 Words   |  7 PagesAs honest as I am (2.1.199-201). The pegs to which he refers are the tuning pegs on a stringed instrument. Their love is the instrument on which Iago is planning to loosen (set down) the pegs until the harmony is turned into discord. [Scene Summary] Because no one like to be a party-pooper, Iago sings drinking songs in order to encourage Cassio to get drunk. Drinking songs tend to be rollicking, jolly justifications of drinking. Iagos first song delivers the message that life is short, soRead MoreMovie Analysis : Broadway And Google879 Words   |  4 Pagesseat online, I pursued research into the play’s origins. What I discovered was Dennis Kelly was given a positive review on the New York Times, found out DNA is a popular play that is frequently performed at numerous colleges and a summary. I didn’t read the entire summary because of unwanted spoiler alerts but what caught my attention was the plot consisting of teenagers and a dead body. Thus, allowing me to go ahead and reserve a seat to watch. When it was time to see DNA, my friendsRead MoreLiterary Analysis - the Law of Life Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesby wolves when it straggled behind the rest of the herd. It was the law of all life, he decides. When he feels the cold nose of a wolf on him and hears the packs footsteps surround him, he first fights them off, then gives in. Now that the summary of the story has been provided, it is now time to connect the dots and draw the correlation of how â€Å"The Law of Life† falls into the category of Naturalism. The first aspect that makes this story a prime example of Naturalism is the amount of realismRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Wrong And Inhumane Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Fifth Century B.C. s Roman Law of the Twelve Tablets† (Part I: History of the Death Penalty.). Death sentences were carried out by such means as crucifixion, drowning, beating to death, burning alive, and impalement. In the Tenth Century A.D., hanging became the customary technique of execution in Britain. In the following century, â€Å"William the Conqueror would not allow persons to be hanged or otherwise executed for any crime†, except during war (Part I: History of the Death Penalty.). This trendRead MoreThe Greatest Science Papers1094 Words   |  5 Pagesaware of my obsessions and is pandering to them, that the next instantiation needs more developmental epistasis and some in situs. This paper, though, is a nice summary of the emerging picture of cephalopod evolution, as determined by the disciplines of paleontology, comparative embryology, and molecular phylogenetics, and that summary is internally consistent and is generating a good rough outline of the story. And here is that story, as determined by a combination of fossils, molecular evidenceRead MoreDefinition Of Project : Your Organizational Change Consultant1457 Words   |  6 Pagesexample. If we are getting feedback on individuals who are not complying, then we will institute a re-qualification program to attempt another round of training and evaluation. If this still does not work, then the low hanging fruit must be cut from the tree in order for the tree to grow. On the other side of that coin was the question of how to recognize values â€Å"champions†? Displaying true leadership qualities that align with our new culture demands reward. We will have regular awards for thoseRead MoreThe Red Wheelbarrow Analysis Essay example1881 Words   |  8 PagesCarlos Williams so much depends upon a red wheel barrow glazed with rain water beside the white chickens. The Red Wheelbarrow Summary Our speaker reflects on how important a certain red wheelbarrow is. This wheelbarrow is wet from a recent rain, and there happen to be white chickens hanging out with the wheelbarrow. The End. The Red Wheelbarrow Summary Line 1 so much depends * Our speaker doesnt say much depends or things depend or I depend, he says so much depends. ThatRead MoreMotifs in Creation Myths Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pages A second utilization of this method can be found in the Ongwe creation myth. The term Ongwe means man-being and also stands for the images of all things which later existed on earth. These include the images of trees, houses and animals. A summary of this myth is as follows: In one place there lived two Ongwe, a man and a woman who were of high rank and lived very religious lives. Suddenly the woman became pregnant, although there had been no sexual contact between the two. At the sameRead MoreFamily And Child Development : Toddler Observation Study Essay1746 Words   |  7 Pages Date: 10-22-2016 Time of Day: 1030 The Setting This observation took place in a Christian church social group for children. The room was brightly decorated in fall colors with paper mache trees on walls and leaves hanging from the ceiling. The extra-large room was divided into three areas. First a singing area surrounded by little peoples chairs and adult chairs behind the little ones. Second area was several short child tables and chairs for crafts. The last areaRead MoreAre Our Kids Turning Into Robots And Losing Out On Their Childhood?1590 Words   |  7 PagesAre Our Kids Turning Into Robots and Losing Out on Their Childhood? Introduction Growing up in the 1970’s through the 1990’s kid’s rode their bikes all over their neighborhoods, exploring, played in tree houses with fellow club members, and ultimately spent the majority of their time playing outside. Venturing outdoors, fishing, hunting, and camping with family and friends was something almost every kid anticipated at the close of a drooling week of school. Looking up at the moon, the thrill of cooking

Disruptive Mood Of Disorder ( Dsm ) V For Combat Possible...

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is a diagnosis created for the Diagnostic Standards Manual (DSM) V to combat possible overdiagnosis of childhood Bipolar Disorder. Incidence of childhood Bipolar Disorder diagnosis has increased significantly in recent decades (Margulies, Weintraub, Basile, Grover, and Carlson, 2012). The DSM IV included a category called â€Å"Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified†, which may have been applied to children that would now be better classified with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder. These children have significant impairments related to their mood regulation especially related to irritability that is not fully explained by bipolar criteria. Doctors may have diagnosed children inappropriately†¦show more content†¦The proponents for DMDD claim that it is helpful to reduce overdiagnosis of childhood Bipolar Disorder and will help children with extreme mood outbursts get the clinical assistance and care they need. The diagnosis of DMDD is housed under the Depressive Disorders section of the new DSM V (American Psychological Association, 2013). In order to qualify for a diagnosis of DMDD, the child must experience extreme temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion to the triggering event. The outbursts must be out of character for their current age, and occur three or more times a week. The child must also experience observable chronic irritability every day, in between temper outbursts. This criteria must hold true for at least twelve months and the child must not go more than three months without experiencing these symptoms. In addition, the temper outbursts and chronic irritability has to be manifested in at least two environments and are severe for at least one. The diagnosis cannot be made before the child is 6 or after age 18, and the age of onset must occur before 10 years old. The child cannot have had a manic or hypomanic episode for more than a day, and the behavior cannot t ake place during a major depressive episode or be explained by certain other disorders. The behavior should not be attributed to any physiological or medical conditions, or be substance induced. DMDD also cannot occur with the

family health assessment - 1396 Words

Family Health Assessment A family consists of a group of interacting individuals related by blood, marriage, cohabitation, or adoption who interdependently perform relevant functions by fulfilling expected roles. (Edelman, Kudzma, Mandle, 2014, p. 150) The family has various functions that include teaching members’ values, morals and beliefs as they relate to health practices. Health can be defined as a complete state of wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease. Gordon’s functional health patterns are a methodology developed by Marjorie Gordon in 1987 to be used as a guide to establish a comprehensive nursing database (Kriegler Harton, 1992). Gordon’s eleven functional health patterns are; health perception/ health†¦show more content†¦No one in the family has problems with urination or their bowel movements. Pattern of Activity and exercise Activity and exercise assessment is focused on the activities of ADL’s, exercise and leisure activities (Kriegler Harton, 1992). Activities and exercise is limited in this family due to the parents work schedule. The father runs and exercises both at home and at the YMCA when time allows, which is a few times a week. The grandmothers mobility is limited due to balance issues, although she is participating in physical therapy at the present time for strengthening. They don’t feel they exercise enough although they know how important it is for them to exercise especially with their diabetes. Normal ADL s are a minor problem for the grandmother although the grandfather helps her. The parents function at a high level with every day activities. Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern Cognitive and Sensory- Perception is the assessment is focused on the ability to comprehend and use information and on the sensory functions (Kriegler Harton, 1992). Data on neurologic functions are assessed. Mother and father have college degrees. Both grandparents have had cataract surgeries, so eyesight is adequate. Grandfather wears two hearing aids, sometimes, and grandmother is hard of hearing but has no hearing aids so verbal communication is sometimes amusing and sometimes frustrating for all involved. Grandfather has some dementia and is quiteShow MoreRelatedFamily Health Assessment : Family Assessment Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Family is so important in the society and it is a blessing from God. Healthy behaviors learn from within the family and family member’s stimulus one to each other with health promotion practices. There fore, the health behaviors are very essential in the family assessment and which notifies health-promotion and disease-prevention. Within families, members will be the first one to learn about to promoting health. Families have impact on children’s lifestyle choices. The AmericanRead MoreFamily Health Assessment : Family Assessment1884 Words   |  8 Pages Family Health Assessment The family assessment involves a simultaneous data collection on individual family members or if able the whole family. The nurses and other healthcare professionals interview individuals and family as a whole to understand and assess the health of the family. This interview help professionals detecting the possible origin or factors contributes to the family’s health problems. The Gordon’s functional health pattern will be used as a model to collect and organizeRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1252 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is an important tool in formulating a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. A nurse has an important role in health promotion. To perform these tasks the author has chosen a nuclear family. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. This principle is known as the Gordon’s functional health patterns.Read MoreFamily Health Assessment1375 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Using Gordon’s functional health patterns to assess a family will guide the nurse in developing a comprehensive nursing assessment that is holistic in nature. Gordon’s functional health patterns are founded on 11 principles that are incorporated within the nursing practice. These 11 principles serve as a framework for a thorough nursing assessment in which to build a holistic and individual family care plan (Grand Canyon University, 2011). The author has developed family-focusedRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1150 Words   |  5 Pagesremember the family has an important role in the paradigm of health promotion for the patient. The roles in which the family plays in assisting the patient and providing care are crucial to the health of the patient and the well being of the family as a whole. One tool to assess not only a patient and their views on different aspects of health, but an entire family or even community is Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns. This as sessment tool incorporates eleven topics of health patterns. Health patternsRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1461 Words   |  6 PagesHeritage Assessment: Evaluation of families, cultures and views on health Anniemae Stubbs Grand Canyon University Culture and Cultural Competency in Health Promotion NURS 429 Professor Alma Celaya June 19, 2016 Heritage Assessment: Evaluation of families , cultures and views on health Cultural Heritage is a concept that is passed on from one generation to the next that depicts how people live, act, behave, or think. It can be a noticeable or vague manifestation. It includes various customsRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1085 Words   |  5 PagesFAMILY HEALTH ASSESSMENT This assessment was conducted after interviewing the Nelson family using Gordon’s functional health pattern. Marjorie Gordon developed a method to be used by nurses in the nursing process to provide a comprehensive nursing assessment. It includes eleven principles for the collection of data and helps the nurse identify two or more wellness nursing diagnoses. It is a systematic and standardized approach to data collection (â€Å"functional health† n.d.)Read MoreHealth Assessment Of Families And Their Health1399 Words   |  6 PagesHealth is directly related to the activities in which we participate in, the food we eat, and the substances to which we are exposed to daily. Where we live and work, our gender, age, and genetic makeup also impact our health. (Nies, 2011) Assessments of family’s health are to help focus on the control and prevention of diseases. Health assessment assist in determining an individual’s perception of their quality of life along with the family’s perception as a whole. This also helps to define a person’sRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1465 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Family health and wellness can be influenced by many factors such as society, culture, religion, and family members. Somehow, society, culture, religion and families are connected to each other. To understand an individual, it’s important to understand the family system of an individual. Health practices, whether effective or ineffective, are activities performed by individuals or families as a whole to promote health and prevent disease (Edelman, 2010). A family healthRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1537 Words   |  7 PagesFamily Health Assessment Melody Moore Grand Canyon University NRS-429V Instructor: Renita Holmes May 10th 2013 Family Health Assessment A comprehensive family assessment provides a foundation to promote family health (Edelmanamp;Mandle, 2011).Gordon’s functional health patterns is a method developed by Marjorie Gordon in 1987 in which she proposed functional health patterns as a guide to establishing a comprehensive data base.(Kriegleramp;Harton,1992).Gordon’s eleven functional health

The ideals of the declaration which is most important free essay sample

The main purpose of the Declaration of Independence was to declare that the American colonies were separating from England (thus declaring independence). The document also stated what the principles were as the foundation for seeking independence. The document can be broken down into four parts.Introduction -States the purpose of the document; which was to explain why the American people were declaring independence from Great Britain. Theory The theory of certain immutable rights possessed by all individuals; and that these rights are not granted by the government but rather theyre inherent to human nature. That the main purpose of a benevolent government is to secure and protect these rights. Additionally that government is based on the consent of the governed (the people) who are the sole source of this governmental authority. Finally, that should the government persistently violate the principle of a proper and good government, then the people have the right to overthrow it. We will write a custom essay sample on The ideals of the declaration: which is most important or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The third part of the document is a list of grievances against King George III, who was singled out to represent the actions of the British government. These grievances are examples of actions that violated the criteria for good government stated in the second part of the Declaration of Independence. These grievances, therefore, justify separation from the Kings bad government and establishment of a good government to replace it. Sovereignty The fourth part of the document is an unqualified assertion of sovereignty by the United States of America. It proclaims the determination of Americans to defend and maintain their independence and rights.

Death of a Salesman American Beauty free essay sample

Directorâ€Å"In order to achieve personal fulfilment sacrifices have to be made. † How have the contexts of the composers of â€Å"Death of a Salesman† and â€Å"American Beauty† shaped their representations of sacrifice? Personal fulfilment must be achieved through sacrifices, however sacrifices do not always promise the achievement of a dream. Personal fulfilment is a desire, often thought of a better life, and these cannot be achieved unless certain things are given up. These sacrifices are compared to what you have, and what you will get. Representations of different sacrifices morally or physically have been shaped to the context they are given. In â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller and â€Å"American Beauty† by Sam Mendes both composers shape their understanding of sacrifice according to the context they have written in. Differing sacrifices are made to achieve personal fulfilment in the contexts they are given. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller was set in the Depression of the 1930’s where America had no money and salesmen were the economic growth of American life. We will write a custom essay sample on Death of a Salesman American Beauty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The American Dream was heavily desired, to have wealth and academic achievement thus creating reputation and respect was every man’s dream and Willy Loman was no exception. To be successful salesman and to achieve this dream, Willy sacrifices his dignity and pride for a job. He repeatedly lowers his standards to just be successful and have money to support his family. â€Å"Sixty-five dollars a week†, â€Å"all I need†¦ is fifty dollars a week† and finally â€Å"If I had forty dollars a week – that’s all I need. † is spoken to Willy’s employer Howard Wagner. Howard is however, more interested in a new â€Å"toy† that he has, the recording machine which frightens Willy, portraying the old man being left behind as society moves ahead. In â€Å"American Beauty† directed by Sam Mendes, Lester Burnham also aspires to achieve the American Dream. The film was set in the 1990’s and at that time America was in a much better economic state than the 1930’s. Many American families are already wealthy but are looking for new forms of pursuits. Lester already has the physical part of the American Dream that Willy has failed to achieve, a home and materialistic goods. The part of the American Dream that Lester desires is youth and freedom. He is desperate to be free of his responsibilities for the role of a good father and husband. He wants to explore youth again as his sexual desires arise when he meets Angela. He sacrifices his job and reputation to free him of responsibilities he does not want. The dialogue Im looking for the least possible amount of responsibility suggests that he wants to be free from supporting the family, taking care of Jane or any kind of responsibility that his family has trapped him. He looks for youth and again, sacrifices any kind of approval from his family, and gives in to the craving of Angela’s youthful body. In the context of time, different representations of sacrifice and personal fulfilment are explored. Sacrifices must be made to achieve the American Dream, but are the sacrifices really worth what they give in return, if any? In â€Å"Death of a Salesman† Willy desires to give his future to his son by sacrificing his life for the insurance money. He dreams of the â€Å"death of a salesman† where fellow salesmen will come and cry at his grave. However, no one comes. What he has dreamed of will never come true and the sacrifice has not given him any type of respect, but sadness from his family. Sometimes the wrong sacrifices are made or wrong dreams are pursued. Willy did not have to make the sacrifice of taking his life, for the future of his son. He has not accomplished anything and instead received the statement â€Å"He had the wrong dreams all, all wrong†¦ he never knew who he was† from Biff at his grave. In â€Å"American Beauty† Lester did not achieve his dream either. His story also ends with death. The scene where Lester is seen dead from the perspective of Ricky is elevated in hues of red, blue and white, the colours of the American flag. The symbolism behind the colours suggest that this is what happens when you try to achieve the American Dream, that you will never get it and sacrifices are wasted. The American Dream was designed to set a trap in American lives. It was designed to never be achieved but to be dreamt of achieving so that the people of the country work willingly but always within an arm’s length away. Dreams must be achieved through sacrifice, but sacrifices do not always give a dream in return. Sacrifices are also shaped in the context they are given in and each a different representation. These ideas can be found in â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller and â€Å"American Beauty† by Sam Mendes. Both composers represented sacrifice in the context they were given and showed their audience what may result in the sacrifices that are chosen.

Family Centred Practice in Child Protection Services

Avoiding Plagiarism Essays

Avoiding Plagiarism Essays Avoiding Plagiarism Essay Avoiding Plagiarism Essay What do you think are the most difficult aspects of working with sources and making sure you do not plagiarize What steps will you take to ensure that you cite your sources properly Respond to at least two of your classmatesâ„ ¢ postings by Day 7. (You must create one initial post and at least two responses, for a minimum of three posts for this discussion.) TIP: Note that this discussion is asking you to: * Identify what you think are the most difficult aspects of working with sources and making sure you do not plagiarize. * Discuss the steps will you take to ensure that you cite your sources properly. Note: It may be helpful if you type each heading first and then complete the information under each heading. This helps the reader quickly identify your activities and helps you know that you cover all of the requirements for this post. Avoiding Plagiarism Week 4, Discussion 2 Identify what you think are the most difficult aspects of working with sources and making sure you do not plagiarize. The most challenging aspect I find is knowing exactly what common knowledge is and what is not common knowledge. When I took the self-quiz, in our extra reading material this week, I failed miserable. Also, I find it difficult to know precisely how to cite certain information; even if I look it up it can still be tricky to decide which one to use. Discuss the steps will you take to ensure that you cite your sources properly I printed off the APA Common Citation paper that was found in the Ashford Writing Center which I have referred to numerous times. I get lucky in the Ashford Library because some of the sites will tell you how to cite the source in APA format. Also I will request my motherâ„ ¢s help if I am having serious trouble figuring out how to cite a specific citation. The Poor Disguise: Although the writer has retained the essential content of the source, he or she has altered the paperâ„ ¢s appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases. The Labor of Laziness: The writer takes the time to paraphrase most of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together, instead of spending the same effort on original work. The Self-Stealer: The writer borrows generously from his or her previous work, violating policies concerning the expectation of originality adopted by most academic institutions. but still plagiarized! The Forgotten Footnote: The writer mentions an authorâ„ ¢s name for a source, but neglects to include specific information on the location of the material referenced. This often masks other forms of plagiarism by obscuring source locations. The Misinformer: The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them. The Too-Perfect Paraphrase: The writer properly cites a source, but neglects to put in quotation marks text that has been copied word-for-word, or close to it. Although attributing the basic ideas to the source, the writer is falsely claiming original presentation and interpretation of the information. The Resourceful Citer: The writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch The paper contains almost no original work! It is sometimes difficult to spot this form of plagiarism because it looks like any other well-researched document. The Perfect Crime: Well, we all know it doesnâ„ ¢t exist. In this case, the writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation. This way, the writer tries to pass off the paraphrased material as his or her own analysis of the cited material. Deciding when to Give Credit Need to Document * When you are using or referring to somebody elseâ„ ¢s words or ideas from a magazine, book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other medium * When you use information gained through interviewing another person * When you copy the exact words or a unique phrase from somewhere * When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts, and pictures * When you use ideas that others have given you in conversations or over email No Need to Document * When you are writing your own experiences, your own observations, your own insights, your own thoughts, your own conclusions about a subject * When you are using common knowledge like folklore, common sense observations, shared information within your field of study or cultural group * When you are compiling generally accepted facts * When you are writing up your own experimental results?   Making Sure You Are Safe When researching, note-taking, and interviewing * Mark everything that is someone elseâ„ ¢s words with a big Q (for quote) or with big quotation marks. * Indicate in your notes which ideas are taken from sources (S) and which are your own insights. * Record all of the relevant documentation information in your notes. * Proofread and check with your notes (or photocopies of sources) to make sure that anything taken from your notes is acknowledged in some combination of the ways listed below: * In-text citation * Footnotes * Bibliography * Quotation marks * Indirect quotations When paraphrasing and summarizing * First, write your paraphrase and summary without looking at the original text, so you rely only on your memory. * Next, check your version with the original for content, accuracy, and mistakenly borrowed phrases. * Begin your summary with a statement giving credit to the source: According to Rajan et.al.l, * Put any unique words or phrases that you cannot change, or do not want to change, in quotation marks: Fast, fair and constructive peer review exist throughout our journal management system (IJAET). When quoting directly * Keep the personâ„ ¢s name near the quote in your notes, and in your paper,select those direct quotes that make the most impact in your paper too many direct quotes may lessen your credibility and interfere with your style. * Mention the personâ„ ¢s name either at the beginning of the quote, in the middle, or at the end. * Put quotation marks around the text that you are quoting. * Indicate added phrases in brackets ([ ]) and omitted text with ellipses (. . .). When quoting indirectly * Keep the personâ„ ¢s name near the text in your notes, and in your paper. * Rewrite the key ideas using different words and sentence structures than the original text. * Mention the personâ„ ¢s name either at the beginning of the information, or in the middle, or at that end. * Double check to make sure that your words and sentence structures are different than the original text. Deciding if something is Common Knowledge Material is probably common knowledge if . . . * You find the same information undocumented in at least five other sources. * You think it is information that your readers will already know. * You think a person could easily find the information with general reference sources.